Monday, July 23, 2012

NAND vs NOR


                                      Nor         Nand
Write Speed  Low  High
read Speed  High  Low
XIP  yes  No
Active power  High  Low
Standby Power  Low  High
Capacity  Low  High
Cost  High  Low

http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&sqi=2&ved=0CGgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fumcs.maine.edu%2F~cmeadow%2Fcourses%2Fcos335%2FToshiba%2520NAND_vs_NOR_Flash_Memory_Technology_Overviewt.pdf&ei=4xgNUK-xHqfYigfXuam2DQ&usg=AFQjCNEFXaQ1mYcY_gPXdeUco8NwokJGMA&sig2=1EDOBzCXBX8yMhL75c8JJA

Friday, July 6, 2012

Recover lost root password in ubuntu

Resetting your systems root password may be a necessary step if you have forgotten it or have bought a used computer which you don’t want to setup anew. Doing so without any installation medium saves you a blank CD and a bit of time.

To start, restart your computer and get to the GRUB menu by pressing Shift while booting. Point your cursor to the Recovery mode option:


Press e to edit the boot options. 
There, look for a line that looks like this:
 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-18-generic root=UUID=b8b64ed1-ae94-43c6-92\d2-a19dfd9a727e ro recovery nomodeset

The line will differ depending on your version and kernel but should have about the same syntax. Remove the last part of line which is ro recovery nomodeset and replace it with rw init=/bin/bash

This will cause a command line to be opened on startup. Press F10 now to reboot the machine and get to the command line. Once you are there, enter:

# passwd root
It will ask for the new password.
Enter the new password and reboot the system.

===========================================================================================

Basically What is happening here is ,

1. Instead of using the initrd and starting the system process, we are using the minimal init process binary.
2. ramdisk is also mounted with readwrite option. So , init process is created with full access and we are able to change the root password.

If you need more details contact me.

Enable Hibernation in Ubuntu 12.10


Before enabling hibernation, please try to test whether it works correctly by running pm-hibernate in a terminal. The system will try to hibernate. If you are able to start the system again then you are more or less safe to add an override. To do so, start editing sudo vi /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla Append this to the file 


[Re-enable hibernate by default] Identity=unix-user:* Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate ResultActive=yes 


Save and exit editor. 
Restart the System. 
Hibernate option will appear.

Doc to PDF Convertor in Ubuntu



Method 1 : (I have tried this and it works)
sudo apt-get install cups-pdf
Now you can print to file using
a. print dialog box in your application (eg ., librewriter).
b. command line
oowriter -pt pdf your_word_file.doc
Now you'll find your .pdf file in ~/PDF.
Method 2 :
sudo apt-get install wv tetex-extra ghostscript  
wvPDF test.doc test.pdf

If the tetex-extra package is not available with your distro, try texlive-base plus texlive-latex-base:
sudo apt-get install wv texlive-base texlive-latex-base ghostscript  
wvPDF test.doc test.pdf